Nikon D2Xs Body

Competition

The principal competitive cameras for the D2X were the full-frame Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II and the . There was also some competitive overlap between the full-frame Canon EOS 5D and the D2Xs, although they were not direct competitors.

An unresolved debate rages about the respective technical compromises of the DX-format sensor and full frame sensors (100% of a 35 mm film frame) offered in competition with the D2X’s DX format. Each format offers advantages and disadvantages which become more or less important in different usage settings (e.g. studio vs sport, indoor vs outdoor, wide angle vs telephoto). Nikon, convinced that the design characteristics of the DX format are best choice for its customers and target markets, had committed itself publicly to the DX-format sensor and its line of DX lenses is specifically designed for the smaller sensor. This philosophy remained until 2007, at which point Nikon’s new generation of professional-level digital SLRs — the Nikon D3 and Nikon D700 — adopted a full-frame sensor.

Nikon’s D2X was awarded best product accolades for 2005–6 by the European Imaging and Sound Association. Named European Professional Camera of the Year, the D2X’s ‘extraordinary performance’ was praised by the judges.

Nikon D2Xs

Nikon D2Xs is a digital single-lens reflex camera announced June 1, 2006, replacing the professional Nikon D2X.

Its improvements over the original D2X include:

• Automatic viewfinder masking in high-speed crop mode
• Increased buffer capacity to 60 frames in continuous shooting
• Additional ISO steps between 800 and 1600
• Improved metering for High Speed Crop
• More Autofocus options
• An AF system that can now detect focus at lower contrast and in lower light
• Higher capacity battery rated to 3,800 exposures per charge
• Improved Auto-ISO features
• Image verification
• Ability to save and load camera settings from a memory card
• 2.5 inch (64 mm) 230,000 pixel LCD with 170 degree viewing angle (same as D200)
• Menu look ported from the D200
• Black and White mode
• Additional color mode selections
• Locking USB connector
• Support for multiple custom curves
• A lockable recent settings menu
• Improved GPS data recording
• AF and VR mode recording in shooting data
• In-camera cropping

The original D2X gets the majority of these upgrades with a simple firmware update, with the exceptions of:

• Automatic viewfinder masking in High-Speed Crop mode
• 2.5 inch (64 mm) 230,000 pixel LCD with 170 degree viewing angle (the viewing angle is the area of improvement—size remains the same)

The larger capacity EN-EL4e is compatible with the original D2X and will give it the same improved battery life.

Technology

The D2X uses a DX-format CMOS sensor supplied by Sony instead of either a charge-coupled device or the Nikon proprietary LBCAST sensor which had both dominated Nikon’s digital SLR lineup until the D2X. The camera supports the sYCC color space. The CMOS sensor used in the D2X has the ability to resolve about nine times more than the human eye. At 90 line pairs/millimeter (90 lp/mm), the sensor can resolve extremely fine detail. This makes the camera perform exceptionally well when used as a landscape or scenic imager, since it can better resolve smaller detail in distant objects.

The D2X surpasses the D2H and its successor the by providing 5 frame/s at 12 megapixels, and 8 frames/second at 6.8 megapixels with its high-speed crop mode. In high-speed crop mode, the camera sacrifices pixels in favour of speed and crops the image to 50% of a 35 mm frame to enable continuous shooting at 8 frames per second (vs. 5 frame/s at full resolution).

It incorporates some other innovations such as refinements of the metering and autofocus systems. At the same time, the camera is able to make use of virtually all of Nikon’s F-Mount lenses, including most legacy lenses. It has a rated shutter life of 200,000+ images, which is generally double or triple than less costly cameras.[citation needed]

It is one of very few cameras with a built-in «third-eye» which records the color of ambient light, giving the D2X an additional tool to accurately compute the white-balance for each image, instead of relying on calculations based only on subjects within the picture frame.

At the time of its release, the D2X had the highest concentration of pixels (pixel pitch) of any Nikon DSLR made to date. While its resolving capabilities are impressive, the very small resulting pixel size puts the camera at a disadvantage when working in low light by introducing slight noise in underexposed areas. The D2X has excellent noise reduction software built into the camera, so its images reflect the very high quality one would expect from an expensive digital SLR.[citation needed]

References

Competition

The principal competitive cameras for the D2X were the full-frame Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II and the . There was also some competitive overlap between the full-frame Canon EOS 5D and the D2Xs, although they were not direct competitors.

An unresolved debate rages about the respective technical compromises of the DX-format sensor and full frame sensors (100% of a 35 mm film frame) offered in competition with the D2X’s DX format. Each format offers advantages and disadvantages which become more or less important in different usage settings (e.g. studio vs sport, indoor vs outdoor, wide angle vs telephoto). Nikon, convinced that the design characteristics of the DX format are best choice for its customers and target markets, had committed itself publicly to the DX-format sensor and its line of DX lenses is specifically designed for the smaller sensor. This philosophy remained until 2007, at which point Nikon’s new generation of professional-level digital SLRs — the Nikon D3 and Nikon D700 — adopted a full-frame sensor.

Nikon’s D2X was awarded best product accolades for 2005–6 by the European Imaging and Sound Association. Named European Professional Camera of the Year, the D2X’s ‘extraordinary performance’ was praised by the judges.

Сложные функции одной и нескольких независимых переменных.

Если $u=f(x_1, x_2, .., x_n)-$ дифференцируемая функция переменных $x_1, x_2, …, x_n,$ которые сами являются дифференцируемыми функциями независимой переменной $t:$ $$x_1=\varphi_1(t),\quad x_2=\varphi_2(t),\quad, x_n=\varphi_n(t),$$ то производная сложной функции $u=f(\varphi_1(t)),\,\varphi_2(t),\, \varphi_n(t))$ вычисляется по формуле $$\frac{du}{dt}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}.\frac{dx_1}{dt}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_2}.\frac{dx_2}{dt}+…+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_n}.\frac{dx_n}{dt}.$$ В частности, если $t$ совпадает, например, с переменной $x_1,$ то «полная» производная функции $u$ по $x_1$ равна $$\frac{du}{dx_1}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_2}\cdot\frac{dx_2}{dx_1}+…+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_n}\cdot\frac{dx_n}{dx_1}.$$ Пусть$u=f(x_1, x_2, .., x_n),$ где$$x_1=\varphi_1(t_1, t_2, …, t_m),\quad x_2=\varphi_2(t_1, t_2, …, t_m),\quad, x_n=\varphi_n(t_1, t_2, …, t_m),$$ $(t_1, t_2,…, t_m) -$ независимые переменные. Частные производные функции $u$ по $t_1, t_2, …, t_m$ выражаются следующим образом:$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t_1}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}\cdot\frac{\partial x_1}{\partial t_1}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_2}\cdot\frac{\partial x_2}{\partial t_1}+…+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_n}\cdot\frac{\partial x_n}{\partial t_1},$$  $$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t_2}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}\cdot\frac{\partial x_1}{\partial t_2}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_2}\cdot\frac{\partial x_2}{\partial t_2}+…+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_n}\cdot\frac{\partial x_n}{\partial t_2},$$ $$\cdots$$  $$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t_m}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}\cdot\frac{\partial x_1}{\partial t_m}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_2}\cdot\frac{\partial x_2}{\partial t_m}+…+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_n}\cdot\frac{\partial x_n}{\partial t_m}.$$При этом выражение для дифференциала 1-го порядка  сохраняет свой вид $$du=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}dx_1+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_2}dx_2+…+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_n}dx_n.$$ Выражения для дифференциалов высших порядков сложной функции, вообще говоря, отличаются от выражения вида$$d^mu=\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1}dx_1+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_2}dx_2+…+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_n}dx_n\right)^mu.$$ Например, дифференциал 2-го порядка выражается формулой

$$d^2u=\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1}dx_1+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_2}dx_2+…+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_n}dx_n\right)^2u+$$ $$+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}d^2x_1+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_1}d^2x_2+…+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_n} d^2x_n.$$

Неполные квадратные уравнения

Бывает, что квадратное уравнение несколько отличается от того, что дано в определении. Например:

1. 2 + 9 = 0;
2. 2 − 16 = 0.

Несложно заметить, что в этих уравнениях отсутствует одно из слагаемых. Такие квадратные уравнения решаются даже легче, чем стандартные: в них даже не потребуется считать дискриминант. Итак, введем новое понятие:

Разумеется, возможен совсем тяжелый случай, когда оба этих коэффициента равны нулю: = = 0. В этом случае уравнение принимает вид a2 = 0. Очевидно, такое уравнение имеет единственный корень: = 0.

Рассмотрим остальные случаи. Пусть = 0, тогда получим неполное квадратное уравнение вида 2 + = 0. Немного преобразуем его:

Решение неполного квадратного уравнения

Поскольку арифметический квадратный корень существует только из неотрицательного числа, последнее равенство имеет смысл исключительно при (−/) ≥ 0. Вывод:

1. Если в неполном квадратном уравнении вида 2 + = 0 выполнено неравенство (−/) ≥ 0, корней будет два. Формула дана выше;
2. Если же (−/)

Как видите, дискриминант не потребовался — в неполных квадратных уравнениях вообще нет сложных вычислений. На самом деле даже необязательно помнить неравенство (−/) ≥ 0. Достаточно выразить величину 2 и посмотреть, что стоит с другой стороны от знака равенства. Если там положительное число — корней будет два. Если отрицательное — корней не будет вообще.

Теперь разберемся с уравнениями вида 2 + = 0, в которых свободный элемент равен нулю. Тут все просто: корней всегда будет два. Достаточно разложить многочлен на множители:

Вынесение общего множителя за скобку

Произведение равно нулю, когда хотя бы один из множителей равен нулю. Отсюда находятся корни. В заключение разберем несколько таких уравнений:

2 − 7 = 0 ⇒ · ( − 7) = 0 ⇒ ₁ = 0; ₂ = −(−7)/1 = 7.

52 + 30 = 0 ⇒ 52 = −30 ⇒ 2 = −6. Корней нет, т.к. квадрат не может быть равен отрицательному числу.

42 − 9 = 0 ⇒ 42 = 9 ⇒ 2 = 9/4 ⇒ ₁ = 3/2 = 1,5; ₂ = −1,5.

1. Теорема Виета
2. Следствия из теоремы Виета
3. Тест на тему «Значащая часть числа»
4. Правила комбинаторики в задаче B6
5. Как представить обычную дробь в виде десятичной
6. Задача B15: частный случай при работе с квадратичной функцией

Sensor comparison

The size of the imaging sensor is a crucial determinant of image quality. A large sensor will generally have larger individual pixels that offer better low-light sensitivity, provide wider , and have richer than smaller pixels in a sensor of the same technological generation. Moreover, a large sensor camera will give the photographer more control over in the image and, thus, the ability to better isolate a subject from the background. On the downside, larger sensors are more costly to manufacture and tend to lead to bigger and heavier cameras and lenses.

Of the two cameras under consideration, the Nikon D2Xs features an APS-C sensor and the Nikon D3
a full frame sensor. The sensor area in the D3 is 131 percent bigger. As a result of these sensor size differences, the cameras have a format factor of, respectively, 1.5 and 1.0. Both cameras have a native aspect ratio (sensor width to sensor height) of 3:2.

Technology-wise, both cameras are equipped with CMOS (Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor) sensors.

Despite having a smaller sensor, the Nikon D2Xs offers a higher
resolution of 12.2 megapixels, compared with 12.1 MP of the Nikon D3.
This megapixels advantage comes at the cost of a higher pixel density and a smaller size of the individual pixel
(with a of 5.52μm versus 8.43μm for the D3). Moreover, it should be noted that the D3 is a somewhat more recent model (by 1 year and 2 months) than the D2Xs, and its sensor
might have benefitted from technological advances during this time that further enhance the light gathering capacity of its pixel-units.

The Nikon D2Xs has a native sensitivity range from ISO 100 to ISO 800, which can be extended to ISO 800-3200.
The corresponding ISO settings for the Nikon D3 are ISO 200 to ISO 6400, with the possibility to increase the ISO range to 100-25600.

Consistent information on actual sensor performance is available from DXO Mark for many cameras. This service determines an overall sensor rating, as well as sub-scores for low-light sensitivity («DXO Sports»), dynamic range («DXO Landscape»), and color depth («DXO Portrait»). Of the two cameras under consideration, the D3 offers substantially better image quality than the D2Xs (overall score 22 points higher). The advantage is based on 1.3 bits higher color depth, 1.3 EV in additional dynamic range, and 2.2 stops in additional low light sensitivity. The following table provides an overview of the physical sensor characteristics, as well as the sensor quality measurements for a selection of comparators.

still-image focused

Feature comparison

Beyond body and sensor, cameras can and do differ across a range of features. The D2Xs and the D3 are similar in the sense that both have an optical viewfinder.
The latter is useful for getting a clear image for framing even in brightly lit environments. The viewfinders of both cameras offer the same field of view (100%), but
the viewfinder of the D3 has a higher magnification than the one of the D2Xs (0.70x vs 0.57x),
so that the size of the image transmitted appears closer to the size seen with the naked human eye. The following table reports on some other key feature differences and similarities of the Nikon D2Xs, the Nikon D3, and comparable cameras.

The Nikon D3 has an intervalometer built-in. This enables the photographer to
capture time lapse sequences, such as flower blooming, a sunset or moon rise, without purchasing an external camera trigger and related software.

Concerning the storage of imaging data, both the D2Xs and the D3 write their files to Compact Flash cards. The D3 features dual card slots, which can be very useful in case a memory card fails. In contrast, the D2Xs
only has one slot.

References

References

Nikon D2Xs

Nikon D2Xs is a digital single-lens reflex camera announced June 1, 2006, replacing the professional Nikon D2X.

Its improvements over the original D2X include:

• Automatic viewfinder masking in high-speed crop mode
• Increased buffer capacity to 60 frames in continuous shooting
• Additional ISO steps between 800 and 1600
• Improved metering for High Speed Crop
• More Autofocus options
• An AF system that can now detect focus at lower contrast and in lower light
• Higher capacity battery rated to 3,800 exposures per charge
• Improved Auto-ISO features
• Image verification
• Ability to save and load camera settings from a memory card
• 2.5 inch (64 mm) 230,000 pixel LCD with 170 degree viewing angle (same as D200)
• Menu look ported from the D200
• Black and White mode
• Additional color mode selections
• Locking USB connector
• Support for multiple custom curves
• A lockable recent settings menu
• Improved GPS data recording
• AF and VR mode recording in shooting data
• In-camera cropping

The original D2X gets the majority of these upgrades with a simple firmware update, with the exceptions of:

• Automatic viewfinder masking in High-Speed Crop mode
• 2.5 inch (64 mm) 230,000 pixel LCD with 170 degree viewing angle (the viewing angle is the area of improvement—size remains the same)

The larger capacity EN-EL4e is compatible with the original D2X and will give it the same improved battery life.

Connectivity comparison

For some imaging applications, the extent to which a camera can communicate with its environment can be an important aspect in the camera decision process. The table below provides an overview of the connectivity of the Nikon D2Xs and Nikon D3 and, in particular, the interfaces the cameras (and selected comparators) provide for accessory control and data transfer.

Both cameras feature a PC Sync terminal to control professional strobe lights, which will be appreciated by studio photographers.

Body comparison

The physical size and weight of the Nikon D2Xs and the Nikon D3 are illustrated in the side-by-side display below. The two cameras are presented according to their relative size. Three consecutive perspectives from the front, the top, and the back are available. All width, height and depth measures are rounded to the nearest millimeter.

If the front view area (width x height) of the cameras is taken as an aggregate measure of their size,
the Nikon D3 is notably larger (6 percent) than the Nikon D2Xs. Moreover, the D3 is slightly heavier (4 percent) than the D2Xs. In this context, it is worth noting that both cameras are splash and dust-proof and can, hence, be used in inclement weather conditions or harsh environments.

The above size and weight comparisons are to some extent incomplete since they do not consider the interchangeable lenses
that both of these cameras require. A larger imaging sensor (as in the D3) will tend to go along with bigger and heavier lenses,
while more compact options are available for the smaller-sensor camera (D2Xs).
You can compare the optics available in the Nikon Lens Catalog.

As can be seen in the images above, both cameras have a battery grip built in. This facilitates image-taking in portrait orientation
and gives it additional battery power.

The adjacent table lists the principal physical characteristics of the two cameras alongside a wider set of alternatives. If you want to switch the focus of the display and review another camera pair, just select a new right or left
comparator from among the camera models in the table. Alternatively, you can also move across to the CAM-parator tool and
choose from the broad selection of possible camera comparisons there.

Any camera decision will obviously take relative prices into account. The manufacturer’s suggested retail prices give an idea on the placement of the camera in the maker’s lineup and the broader market. The D2Xs was somewhat cheaper (by 6 percent) than the D3 at launch, but both cameras fall into the same price category. Usually, retail prices stay at first close to the launch price, but after several months, discounts become available. Later in the product cycle and, in particular, when the replacement model is about to appear, further discounting and stock clearance sales often push the camera price considerably down. Then, after the new model is out, very good deals can frequently be found on the pre-owned market.

Nikon D2Xs

Nikon D2Xs is a digital single-lens reflex camera announced June 1, 2006, replacing the professional Nikon D2X.

Its improvements over the original D2X include:

• Automatic viewfinder masking in high-speed crop mode
• Increased buffer capacity to 60 frames in continuous shooting
• Additional ISO steps between 800 and 1600
• Improved metering for High Speed Crop
• More Autofocus options
• An AF system that can now detect focus at lower contrast and in lower light
• Higher capacity battery rated to 3,800 exposures per charge
• Improved Auto-ISO features
• Image verification
• Ability to save and load camera settings from a memory card
• 2.5 inch (64 mm) 230,000 pixel LCD with 170 degree viewing angle (same as D200)
• Menu look ported from the D200
• Black and White mode
• Additional color mode selections
• Locking USB connector
• Support for multiple custom curves
• A lockable recent settings menu
• Improved GPS data recording
• AF and VR mode recording in shooting data
• In-camera cropping

The original D2X gets the majority of these upgrades with a simple firmware update, with the exceptions of:

• Automatic viewfinder masking in High-Speed Crop mode
• 2.5 inch (64 mm) 230,000 pixel LCD with 170 degree viewing angle (the viewing angle is the area of improvement—size remains the same)

The larger capacity EN-EL4e is compatible with the original D2X and will give it the same improved battery life.

Review summary

So what is the bottom line? Is the Nikon D2Xs better than the Nikon D3 or vice versa? The listing below highlights the relative strengths of the two models.

Reasons to prefer the Nikon D3:

• Better image quality: Scores substantially higher (22 points) in the DXO overall evaluation.
• Richer colors: Generates noticeably more natural colors (1.3 bits more color depth).
• More dynamic range: Captures a broader range of light and dark details (1.3 EV of extra DR).
• Better low-light sensitivity: Can shoot in dim conditions (2.2 stops ISO advantage).
• Larger viewfinder image: Features a viewfinder with a higher magnification (0.70x vs 0.57x).
• Larger screen: Has a bigger rear LCD (3.0″ vs 2.5″) for image review and settings control.
• More detailed LCD: Has a higher resolution rear screen (922k vs 230k dots).
• Faster burst: Shoots at higher frequency (11 vs 5 flaps/sec) to capture the decisive moment.
• Easier time-lapse photography: Has an intervalometer built-in for low frequency shooting.
• Longer lasting: Gets more shots (4300 versus 3800) out of a single battery charge.
• Greater peace of mind: Features a second card slot as a backup in case of memory card failure.
• More modern: Was introduced somewhat (1 year and 2 months) more recently.

If the count of individual advantages (bullet points above) is taken as a guide, the D3 is the clear winner of the contest (12 : 1 points). However, the pertinence of the various camera strengths will differ across photographers, so that you might want to weigh individual camera traits according to their importance for your own imaging needs before making a camera decision. A professional wildlife photographer will view the differences between cameras in a way that diverges
from the perspective of a family photog, and a person interested in architecture has distinct needs from a sports shooter. Hence, the decision which camera
is best and worth buying is often a very personal one.

D2Xs ₀₁₁₂ D3

How about other alternatives? Do the specifications of the Nikon D2Xs and the Nikon D3 place the cameras among the top in their class? Find out in the latest
Best DSLR Camera listing whether the two cameras rank among the cream of the crop.